Author :
Abstract
Afrika insan hakları sisteminin bardağı, çoğu kez yarı-dolu olmaktan ziyade yarı-boş olarak görülmektedir. Tıpkı Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sisteminin işleyişindeki hemen hemen her yorumcunun onu en üst düzeyde övmüş olduğu gibi, hemen hemen her yorumcu Afrika sistemini zayıf ve etkisiz olarak tanımlamıştır. Kullandığı belirsiz dil, sözleşmenin uygulanmasının taraf devletlerin inisiyatifine bırakılıyor olması, halkların hakları gibi insan hakları alanındaki geleneksel yaklaşımın tersi bir yaklaşım göstermesi, uygulamada zayıf olması, devletlerin mahkemenin yetkisini tanımaması durumunda yalnızca politik olarak kontrol edilen mekanizmalar içermesi sebebiyle çok fazla eleştiriye maruz kalmaktadır. Bu eleştiriler her ne kadar kısmen doğru olsa da, Afrika İnsan Hakları Sisteminin kendi güçlü tarafları da vardır. Afrika insan ve halkların hakkı sözleşmesi, kişisel ve sosyal haklar ayrımını reddeder ve bu iki hak kategorisini birlikte içerir. Bu anlamda insan haklarının karşılıklı bağımlılığı ve bölünmezliği fikrini güçlendirir. Buna ek olarak, Üçüncü kuşak hakları (dayanışma hakkını) da içeren ve genel sınırlandırma sebepleri öngörmeyen tek bölgesel insan hakları sözleşmesidir. Bu çalışma, zayıflığı ve gücü ile birlikte Afrika insan hakları sisteminin uygun bir özetini sunmaktadır.
Keywords
Abstract
The glass of African human right system has too often been seen as half-empty rather than as half-full. Just as almost every commentator on the workings of the European human rights system has praised it in superlative terms, almost every commentator has described the African system as weak and Ineffectual. It has been subjected to much criticism for the vague language in which the various rights have been couched, the over-broad claw-back clauses, the inclusion of non-traditional peoples' right and for the weak, politically controlled mechanisms provided for its enforcement. Be that at it may, the African human right system has its own strong side. It can be viewed as an endorsement of the idea of interdependence and indivisibility of the various kinds of rights, which are traditionally classified into discrete groups and viewed as having their own character and enforcement potential. African Charter on Human and Peoples' Right is the only regional human rights instrument to incorporate third generation rights (rights of solidarity). Unlike all regional and international human right instruments, it does not provide a general derogation clause. This paper provides a descriptive overview of African human right system along with its weakness and strengths. The paper thus attempts to cover a wider spectrum of issues, and its purpose is not to discuss each issue in detail, but to forward an overview and offer some insights on the African Human Right system.
Keywords
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